The July issue of Astronomy Now is available. In the column this month, we visit Barnard 142 & 143, (Barnard's E, or the Triple Cave Nebula).

Subject:Barnard 142 & 143
Issue:July 2009 Astronomy Now
Basic Media:Charcoal and graphite on artist grade paper.
Featured Technique:Use of charcoal, artist's chamois, plastic eraser and kneaded eraser to sketch dark nebulae on a Milky Way background.
Suggested Materials:
  • White artist grade stock
  • Charcoal pencil
  • HB and 2H graphite pencils
  • Artist's chamois
  • Blending Stump
  • White plastic eraser
  • Kneaded eraser (Putty rubber)
  • Artist's Spray Fixative such as Winsor and Netwon's Artist Fixative
  • Clipboard and adjustable red light
Positive Sketch of Barnard 142/143 (B142, B143 / Triple Cave Nebula / Barnard's E)

Inverted, Positive Sketch of Barnard 142/143
(Triple Cave Nebula / Barnard's E)

Click image to view larger version.

Negative Sketch of Barnard 142/143 (B142, B143 / Triple Cave Nebula / Barnard's E)

Original Negative Sketch of Barnard 142/143
(Triple Cave Nebula / Barnard's E)

Click image to view larger version.

...
Sketch of the Columbia Scientific Balloon Assembly

Photograph of Columbia Scientific Balloon Assembly
June 11, 2009 - 8:42 PM MST

Click image to view larger version.

One evening, earlier in June I read an email alert that a scientific balloon was crossing central Arizona. I ran outside with my family to check it out. To the naked eye, it was brilliant against the cloud-streaked twilight and was definitely non-stellar in appearance. We got a great look at the balloon and payload through 15 x 70 binoculars. At one point it went through a striking color phase with a delicate pink base and yellow-orange top. I ran in, grabbed the telescope and camera. The great color was gone. but it still cooperated for a few photos. The magnified inset in the image above is a stack of 7 photos at 1/30 and 1/60 sec, ISO 1600 with a Canon EOS 300D and 2X Barlow through an Orion XT8 Dobsonian (8" f/5.9).
Columbia Scientific Balloon Assembly -- EBEX Flight # 598N
Seen from home - Flagstaff, AZ
Launched from Ft. Sumner, New Mexico
EBEX (http://groups.physics.umn.edu/cosmology/ebex/) is a balloon-borne polarimeter designed to measure the intensity and polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation.
After Spaceweather.com picked it up, I got a request from Tim Printy to use the photo in his July-August 2009 Skeptical UFO newsletter, SUNlite. A year or two ago, I ran across a web article he wrote about the Phoenix Lights and was very impressed by his thorough coverage of the situation. (It synced up nicely with another article in the Phoenix New Times.) I get frustrated by the Conspiracy Theory method of supporting an argument--which in my experience is a robust pillar of the UFO experience. In my time under the gorgeous Northern Arizona night skies, I've seen a number of unusual and sometimes unexpected sights. Any of them could be taken for suspicious alien activity if a person wanted to, but so far, they've all had astronomical and technological explanations. A few of my favorites: I'm looking forward to the next bizarre sight under a beautiful, dark or twilight sky. Hopefully it won't involve any lost time or probing, but if it does, I hope I'm lucid enough to record a detailed sketch. You'll see it here first & I'll have my imaginary tail between my legs....

Messier 98 (NGC 4192)

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Sketch of Messier 98 (M98 / NGC 4192)

Sketch of Messier 98 (NGC 4192)

Click image to view larger version.

Observation Notes:

M98 had a distinct core, although it didn't appear stellar. It was aligned at a PA of about 160 degrees. The southwest edge was sharpest and it was brightest along the southeast spine. I couldn't detect any mottling. The neighbors kindly left their porch lights on for me all night.

Sketch/DSS Photo Comparison of Messier 98 (M98 / NGC 4192)

Sketch/DSS Photo Comparison of Messier 98 (NGC 4192)

Object Information:

Located in Coma Berenices, M98 is considered to be a member of the Virgo Cluster, although it is approaching us at 125 km/sec. It was discovered in 1781 by Pierre Méchain. It is also cataloged as NGC 4192, UGC 7231, MCG+03-31-079, VCC 92, PGC 39028, h 1132, GC 2786, CGCG 098.108, IRAS 121112+1510.

SubjectM98 (NGC 4192)
ClassificationSpiral Galaxy (Type SAB(s)ab II)
Position*Coma Berenices [RA: 12:13:48.2 / Dec: +14:54:00]
Size*9.8' x 2.8' - PA 155°
Brightness*10.0 vMag; 10.7 bMag; 13.4 Surface Brightness
Date/TimeAPR 26, 2009 - 9:45 PM (APR 27, 2009 - 04:45 UT)
Observing Loc.Flagstaff, Arizona - Home
InstrumentOrion SkyQuest XT8 Dobsonian (203 mm dia./1200 mm F/L)
Eyepieces/Mag.Pentax XW10 (120X)
ConditionsClear, light breeze, porch lights
Seeing5/10
TransparencyMag 5.5 NELM
*SourcesSEDS; NGC/IC Project; DSS; Starry Night Pro Plus 5
...

The June issue of Astronomy Now is now available. This month's column features the colorful double, Struve 2259 in Hercules.

Subject:Struve 2259
Issue:June 2009 Astronomy Now
Basic Media:White ink marker, white pastel and colored pastel pencil on black paper.
Featured Technique:Using white ink along with white and colored pastel to create a positive double star drawing on black paper. No computer intervention required.
Suggested Materials:
  • Black artist grade stock such as Strathmore Artagain (Daler-Rowney Canford in the UK)
  • White paper and HB Pencil for field sketch
  • White graphite transfer paper
  • White paint marker such as Elmer's Painters Paint Marker (Sakura White Pen-touch in the UK)
  • Color pastel pencils such as Conté, Derwent, Faber-Castell Pitt or Stabilo brands. (Choose colors that fill a stellar and nebula-oriented spectrum.)
  • White Charcoal Pencil such as General's brand
  • Blending Stump
  • Kneaded eraser (Putty rubber)
  • Artist's Spray Fixative such as Winsor and Netwon's Artist Fixative
  • Clipboard and adjustable red light
Positive Sketch of Struve 2259 (STF 2259)

Sketch of Struve 2259 (STF 2259)

Click image to view larger version.

...

I met Steve Coe for an enjoyable evening of deep sky observing at Anderson Mesa Saturday night. Steve brought his 6 inch f/8 Celestron refractor and a list of galaxies in Corvus that he wanted to polish off. I had a pending appointment with M101. Steve brought along a nice batch of sketches that he had published in Amateur Astronomy magazine and which were recently returned to him. It's always a pleasure to browse somebody else's sketches, and I especially enjoyed checking out his excellent nebula drawings.

Photo of Steve Coe preparing his observing tools Anderson Mesa

Steve Coe prepares his observing tools at Anderson Mesa.

Click image to view larger version.

While we waited for the sun to set, we noted astronomers making their way to the observatory domes down the road. Brian Skiff saw us sitting there and stopped for a visit. We learned that LONEOS is no longer hunting down new Near Earth Objects. Instead, they are taking magnitude readings on existing NEOs to evaluate their rotation periods and axes. He mentioned that lately, he has also been operating the 24-inch Clark Refractor during visiting hours at Lowell Observatory. He has been trying to increase the number of people who have seen Sirius B. The Pup has become easier to detect as separation has increased to greater than 8 arc seconds. Viewing during twilight helps offset the overpowering glare of Sirius A. So far, he noted that about 100 out of 200 visitors were able to see the faint companion. During the brighter daylight hours, he has been training the telescope on Saturn so visitors have something interesting to look at.

Photo of Brian Skiff, myself and Steve Coe at Anderson Mesa

Brian Skiff, myself and Steve Coe at Anderson Mesa

Click image to view larger version.

For the last few days, we have been seeing some weak tropical moisture filter in. By mid-May, we usually get a brief taste of the monsoon to come. We hoped the clouds would clear out after sundown. They weren't very heavy. But they were pretty persistent. We hunted for sucker-holes and bright objects while we waited. Saturn was in a good spot, and we compared views through our telescopes and different eyepieces. Steve lent me a 5 mm Vixen Lanthanum eyepiece, and it pulled up an excellent view of Saturn through my Dob--much better than the barlow view I usually get with one of my 10 mm eyepieces. It was very crisp. I may have to reconsider my barlow strategy.

By about 9:30 pm, the clouds dissipated very rapidly and we were able to hunt down our targets for the evening. I got to work on a sketch of M101. I worked at 120X with my Pentax XW10 and had an excellent view. The field has a healthy star population to deal with, and that took quite a bit of time to address before I could begin analyzing the galaxy itself. Subtle hints of broken spiral arcs seemed to be everywhere. Amid those arms were brighter patches--the HII star forming regions I was particularly interested in. They preferred to reveal themselves along the southern half of the galaxy.

Because I'm not very good at conversing and drawing at the same time (the whole chewing gum and walking thing :) I didn't complete the sketch. There is still quite a bit more begging to be extracted, particularly closer to the core, and along the northern outer half of the galaxy. I did compare the sketch-in-progress to a chart in the Atlas of the Messier Objects and noted that I had picked up 6 HII regions so far. Three extended segments (NGC 5447, NGC 5461, NGC 5462) and three others that I had mistaken for stars (HK 371, NGC 5455, NGC 5471). I'm hoping to finish the observation next weekend if possible. I've been having a great time with the Spring Galaxies this year!

After calling time-out on the sketch, I took a few minutes to grab some photos of the Milky Way rising over the trees. Although they're more colorful, the images can't even compare to the luminous quality of viewing that majestic sight in person.

Photograph of Summer Milky Way rising at Anderson Mesa

Summer Milky Way Rising at Anderson Mesa

Click image to view larger version.

Photograph of Summer Milky Way rising at Anderson Mesa

Summer Milky Way Rising at Anderson Mesa

Click image to view larger version.

...

Messier 99 (NGC 4254)

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Sketch of Messier 99 (M99 / NGC 4254)

Sketch of Messier 99 (NGC 4254)

Click image to view larger version.

Observation Notes:

M99 was difficult to examine, but definitely rewarding. It appeared circular and moderately condensed at first glance. I switched from 120X to 240X and back to try to pick out structure. A star on the edge of the galactic disc helped analyze the position of mottling that began to emerge.

A brighter patch consistently exited the core on the northeast side and pointed just north of that star. Sweeping the scope back and forth caused a faint, extended patch to appear on the west side, breaking out of the otherwise circular glow. It contained a brighter patch where it joined the main disc. Finally, a sharply curved, very faint arc emerged on the northwest side, inside the halo. I have GOT to spend time with this amazing galaxy at Anderson Mesa or Sunset Crater.

Sketch/DSS Photo Comparison of Messier 99 (M99 / NGC 4254)

Sketch/DSS Photo Comparison of Messier 99 (NGC 4254)

Object Information:

M99 lies 60 million light years away in Coma Berenices. It was discovered in 1781 by Pierre Méchain. It is also cataloged as NGC 4254, UGC 07345, VCC 0307, CGCG 098-144, MCG +03-31-099, PGC 039578, UZC J121849.6+142501.

SubjectM99 (NGC 4254)
ClassificationSpiral Galaxy (Type SA(s)c)
Position*Coma Berenices [RA: 12:18:49.6 / Dec: +14:24:59.4]
Size*5.4' x 4.7'
Brightness*9.87 vMag
Date/TimeAPR 22, 2009 - 1:00 AM (APR 22, 2009 - 08:00 UT)
Observing Loc.Flagstaff, Arizona - Home
InstrumentOrion SkyQuest XT8 Dobsonian (203 mm dia./1200 mm F/L)
Eyepieces/Mag.Pentax XW10 (120X)
ConditionsClear, calm
Seeing5/10
TransparencyMag 5.8 NELM
*SourcesSEDS; NED; DSS; Starry Night Pro Plus 5
...
Solar H-Alpha Sketch - MAY 03, 2009 - 18:30 UT

H-Alpha Solar Sketch

Move mouse over sketch above to view labels
Click image for larger version.

Observation Notes:

The solar limb extruded a fantastic prominence today at PA 210 degrees. It took the shape of a calligrapher's X, or perhaps something like a Cretaceous claw reaching over from the Sun's far side. I measured it at 1.3/31.2 solar diameters in height, or 58,000 km (36,000 miles). It's pretty awesome to consider 5 earths could be stacked along its length. Several other gouts of plasma levitated over the solar limb. One in particular at about PA 220 degrees looked like it might form a loop with two bright spots beneath it; however I was only able to spot a brighter segment of the arc. The limb otherwise steadied enough at times to give the impression of sharp, faint, thorny protrusions everywhere. These can't be spicules, so I need to figure out what they actually are.

Edit - MAY 04, 2005: Alan Friedman posted images he shot of the same prominence at the same time I was making this observation. So I was able to get some photoglaphic feedback on the sketch:

Comparison photograph and sketch of solar prominence - MAY 3, 2009 - 18:45 UT
Comparison of photographic and visual sketch of prominence
MAY 3, 2009 - 18:45 UT
Photo posted with permission of Alan Friedman.

I obviously didn't catch the finer detail, but the broad details seem to match up fairly well. Be sure to have a look at the excellent astrophotography at Alan's site: Averted Imagination.

SubjectSolar H-Alpha
Sunspots0
Sunspot Groups0
Date/TimeMAY 03, 2009 11:30 - 11:50 AM MST
(MAY 03, 2009 18:30 - 18:50 UT
Observing Loc.Flagstaff, AZ - Home
InstrumentCoronado PST - 40 mm f/10
Eyepieces/Mag.Pentax XW 10 (40X); Meade Astrometric Eyepiece (33X)
ConditionsFew Clouds, Breezy
SeeingAnt. III

...

Messier 49 (NGC 4472)

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Sketch of Messier 49 (M49 / NGC 4472 / Arp 134)

Sketch of Messier 49 (NGC 4472)

Click image to view larger version.

Observation Notes:

M49 was elongated at a PA of about 170 degrees and steadily condensed toward the center. The core appeared stellar and made a notable pair with a star 1 arc minute to the east. The galaxy appeared to be about 2 x 3 arc minutes in size, which compares to a photographic extent of 7.5 x 9 arc minutes.

Sketch/DSS Photo Comparison of Messier 49 (M49 / NGC 4472)

Sketch/DSS Photo Comparison of Messier 49 (NGC 4472)

Object Information:

M49 is a member of the Virgo Cluster about 60 million light years away. It is 160,000 light years in diameter along its longest axis. It was the first Virgo Cluster galaxy to be discovered by Charles Messier in 1771. It is also cataloged as NGC 4472, Arp 134, CGCG 042-134, MCG+01-32-083, PGC 041220, UGC 7629, VCC 1226.

SubjectM49 (NGC 4472)
ClassificationElliptical (Type E4)
Position*Virgo [RA: 12:29:46.7 / Dec: +08:00:02]
Size*9' x 7.5'
Brightness*8.4 vMag
Date/TimeAPR 21, 2009 - 11:30 PM (APR 22, 2009 - 06:30 UT)
Observing Loc.Flagstaff, Arizona - Home
InstrumentOrion SkyQuest XT8 Dobsonian (203 mm dia./1200 mm F/L)
Eyepieces/Mag.Pentax XW10 + 2X Barlow (240X)
ConditionsClear, calm
Seeing5/10
TransparencyMag 5.8 NELM
*SourcesSEDS; NED; DSS; Starry Night Pro Plus 5
...

Messier 61 (NGC 4303)

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Sketch of Messier 61 (M61 / NGC 4303)

Sketch of Messier 61 (NGC 4303)

Click image to view larger version.

Observation Notes:

I wasn't sure the Swelling Spiral would cooperate, but it gained enough altitude and structure started to materialize. It appeared circular with a suddenly stellar core at first glance. Next to appear was a north-south patch across the center. The north side of this bar was brightest and arced subtly to the east for about 90 degrees. The south side gradually revealed a less sharp jog to the west for about 45 degrees. I added the 2X barlow for a magnification of 240X, and was able to see a couple stars nearby. One at PA 260° appeared right at the visible edge of the galaxy's halo.

Sketch/DSS Photo Comparison of Messier 61 (M61 / NGC 4303)

Sketch/DSS Photo Comparison of Messier 61 (NGC 4303)

Object Information:

M61 is about 100,000 light years in diameter and lies 60 million light years away in the Virgo Cluster. It was discovered in 1779 by Barnabus Oriani while tracking down a comet. Charles Messier encountered it 6 days later, but mistook it for a the same comet Oriani was tracking. Two days later, Messier realized the object was not moving and added it to his catalog. M61 is also cataloged as NGC 4303, CGCG 042-045, MCG +01-32-022, PGC 040001, UGC 07420, VCC 0508

SubjectM61 (NGC 4303)
ClassificationSpiral Galaxy (Type SABbc)
Position*Virgo [RA: 12:21:54.4 / Dec: +04:28:19]
Size*6' x 5.5'
Brightness*9.7 vMag
Date/TimeAPR 21, 2009 - 10:00 PM (APR 22, 2009 - 05:00 UT)
Observing Loc.Flagstaff, Arizona - Home
InstrumentOrion SkyQuest XT8 Dobsonian (203 mm dia./1200 mm F/L)
Eyepieces/Mag.Pentax XW10 (120X)
ConditionsClear, calm
Seeing5/10
TransparencyMag 5.8 NELM
*SourcesSEDS; NED; DSS; Starry Night Pro Plus 5
...
Solar H-Alpha Sketch - APR 24, 2009 - 00:55 UT

H-Alpha Solar Sketch

Move mouse over sketch above to view labels
Click image for larger version.

Observation Notes:

Today was first light for the new Coronado PST that arrived this morning. The views were excellent, and although there were no sunspots to study, a number of prominences decorated the limb. It was amazing to watch how quickly they changed from minute to minute. The strongest of the bunch was at PA 215°, standing like a pillar and fluttering southward at the tip. I broke out the astrometric eyepiece and measured it at 1/31 solar diameter, or 28,000 miles (41,000 km) in height. A dirigible of plasma levitated consistently at PA 260° and remained there during a half hour of observing. Another at PA 65° began as a bright lump that rapidly developed a polyp that separated and flowed downward like a drop of red food coloring entering water.

I wasn't planning on a sketch, but I couldn't help it. I used digital tools to add color, glow, and mottling. I'm not sure if I'll stick with that format down the road, but it's a starting point. I have a lot to learn!

[Edit APR 25, 2009]: I realized that the PST does not mirror the image as I assumed it did. I have flipped my sketch to the correct orientation and have fixed my PA estimates to match.

SubjectSolar H-Alpha
Sunspots0
Sunspot Groups0
Date/TimeAPR 23, 2009 05:55 - 06:22 PM MST
(APR 24, 2009 00:55 - 01:22 UT
Observing Loc.Flagstaff, AZ - Home
InstrumentCoronado PST - 40 mm f/10
Eyepieces/Mag.Pentax XW 10 (40X); Meade Astrometric Eyepiece (33X)
ConditionsPartly Cloudy, Breezy
SeeingAnt. III

...

Mottled Galaxies

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I enjoyed some wonderful galaxy observing in my front yard Tuesday night. It only amounted to 3 galaxies: M49, M61 and M99. But what a sight they were. I've learned that despite being inside the East-Flagstaff Industrial Light Circus, once objects have cleared about 45 degrees elevation, I've got the high-altitude/low aerosol atmosphere on my side. Spotting objects is rarely a problem, and it turns out, with some effort, a satisfying amount of detail can be examined too.

First glance views of M61 and M99 showed fairly flat, smooth discs. About what I expected from my location, but spending time with them paid off. They started to convey diffuse mottling after a while. If you ever observe a galaxy* and make a note that it was mottled, don't stop there! Diffuse, subtle, intermittent mottling can be very hard to examine, but the fact that you are detecting an irregularity in brightness means that conditions are ripe to allow you to start pinning down structure.

Go for the more consistent splotches first. On what side of the core do they appear? Do they engulf the core, do they hug it, or are they detached from it? Are they wide or narrow? Spend a lot of eyepiece time and averted vision and let the flickering appearances build up enough to give you an impression of where that extra bit of light resides. Mark it on your sketch, and you've got a starting point. Look for any other irregularities. How do they relate to the core and the patch(es) you have already seen?

Both spiral galaxies I observed that night yielded details that showed brighter areas of their spiral structure (M99 was especially impressive, and it is on my hit list for an extra helping during my next dark sky visit). My wife was watching Tornado Intercept on National Geographic while I was observing. I couldn't help laughing a bit, because I noticed myself resonating with the storm chasers hollering about seeing two tornadoes on the ground at once. At the same time, I was celebrating seeing at least two spiral arms in each of these magnificent galaxies. It's a peculiar harmony of Geek Synchronicity.

I'll have the sketches and observing reports up before long. Meanwhile, give those galaxies everything you've got!

* or any other extended object for that matter.

...

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